VI. Progressive Square Deal Cycle of Moderate Progressives [Along the Lines of the Populists] (1897-1921)

VI. Progressive Square Deal Cycle of Moderate Progressives [Along the Lines of the Populists]

[6 Terms]
Major Parties: Democrats, Republicans
Major 3rd Parties: Bull Moose Party, Socialist Party
Presidents: (R)William McKinley, Teddy Roosevelt, William Howard Taft (D) Woodrow Wilson
Vice Presidents: (R) Garret Hobart, Teddy Roosevelt, Charles Fairbanks, James Sherman (D) Thomas Marshall

Dominant Issue: Size and Role of the Federal Government in the Economy
Events: Square Deal, World War 1, Spanish Flu, The Great White

Fleet, Spanish-American War, McKinley Assassination, Boxer Rebellion, Federal Reserve, Income Tax, Automobiles, Electricity, Airplanes and Movies, Cross of Gold Speech, Panama Canal, Philippines Insurrection, Wobblies, Pancho Villa Raids, 14 Points and League of Nations, annexation of Hawaii, Perdicaris Affair, Hepburn Act, Titanic sank, Great Flood of 1913

--Democrat Party Factions: Conservative Democrats, Moderate Progressive Democrats (along the lines of the (Populists - that advocated government regulation) and Radical Progressive Democrats (along the lines of the Socialists - that advocated

McKinley moments before being shot

government ownership)

--Republican Party Factions: Conservative Republicans, Moderate Progressive Republicans (along the lines of the Populists - that advocated government regulation) and Radical Progressive Progressives (along the lines of the Socialists - that advocated government ownership)

3rd Parties: Bull Moose Party was a split from the Republicans led by former President Teddy Roosevelt when he was blocked by the conservative leadership from retaking the Presidential nomination. The Party was

Roosevelt's Bull Moose Party

of the Moderate Progressive wing and split the Republican Party all the way down the ballot in state and local races. The Party won 27% of the vote and won the states of Pennsylvania, Minnesota, Washington, California, Michigan and South Dakota, It would reunite with the G.O.P. 

Socialist Party won 6% in their peak run as major 3rd Party movement. Their biggest held during this cycle was the Mayor's Chair of Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

End of Cycle: Deep Recession

Tickets for President:
1896:
Republican Convention: Down South in St. Louis, Missouri

William Jennings Bryan

Republican Ticket: Mckinley/Hobart
President: Governor William McKinley (Ohio) Vice President: State Party Chairman Garret Hobart (New Jersey)
Democrat Convention: Across the Midwest in Chicago, Illinois
Democrat Ticket: Bryan/Sewall & Bryan/Watson

*Democrats ran East of the Mississippi a solid Democrat Ticket and West of the Mississippi a joint Democrat-Populist Ticket.
President: U,S. Congressman William Jennings Bryan (Nebraska) Vice President: Democrat National Party Chairman Arthur Sewall (Maine) East of the Mississippi and Populist U.S. Congressman Thomas Watson (Georgia) West of the Mississippi

1900:

Republican Convention: Back East in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Republican Ticket: McKinley/Roosevelt

McKinley

President: President William McKinley (Ohio) Vice President: Governor Teddy Roosevelt (New York)

*Teddy Roosevelt succeeded McKinley as President when McKinley was assassinated

Democrat Convention: Down South in Kansas City, Missouri
Democrat Ticket: Bryan/Stevenson
President: Former U.S. Congressman and Former Presidential Nominee William Jennings Bryan (Nebraska) Vice President: Former Vice President Adlai Stevenson (Illinois)

1904:
Republican Convention: Across the Midwest in Chicago, Illinois

Roosevelt & Fairbanks

Republican Ticket: Roosevelt/Fairbanks
President: President Teddy Roosevelt (New York) Vice President: U,S. Senator Charles Fairbanks (Indiana)
Democrat Convention: Down South in St. Louis, Missouri
Democrat Ticket: Parker/Davis
President: State Judge Alton B. Parker (New York) Vice President: U.S. Congressman Henry Davis (West Virginia)

1908:
Republican Convention: Across the Midwest in Chicago, Illinois
Republican Ticket: Taft/Sherman

Taft

President: U.S. Secretary of War William Howard Taft (Ohio) Vice President: U.S. Congressman James Sherman (New York)

*Sherman died of a heart attack in office
Democrat Convention: Out West in Denver, Colorado
Democrat Ticket: Bryan/Kern
President: Former U.S. Congressman and Former Presidential Nominee William Jennings Bryan (Nebraska) Vice President: U.S. Senator John Kern (Indiana)

1912:
Democrat Convention: Back East in Baltimore, Maryland

Wilson

Democrat Ticket: Wilson/Marshall
President: Governor Woodrow Wilson (New Jersey) Vice President: Governor Thomas Marshall (Indiana)
Republican Convention: Across the Midwest in Chicago, Illinois
Republican Ticket: Taft/Sherman the Taft/Butler

*At the Convention Taft/Sherman was re-nominated but Sherman died soon after and was replaced on the ticket to form Taft/Butler
President: President William Howard Taft (Maine) Vice President: Vice President James Sherman (New York) then Former U.S.

Debs - Seidel

Congressman Nicholas Butler (New York)

Bull Moose Convention: Across the Midwest in Chicago, Illinois

Bull Moose Ticket: Roosevelt/Johnson

President: Former Republican President Teddy Roosevelt (New York) Vice President: Republican U.S. Senator Hiram Johnson (California)

Socialist Party Convention: Across the Midwest in Indianapolis, Indiana

Socialist Party Ticket: Debs/Seidel

President: National Party Chairman Eugene Debs (Indiana) Vice President: Milwaukee, Wisconsin Mayor Emil Seidel (Wisconsin)

1916:
Democrat Convention: Down South in St. Louis

Hughes

, MissouriDemocrat Ticket: Wilson/Marshall
President: President Woodrow Wilson (New Jersey) Vice President: Vice President Thomas Marshall (Indiana)
Republican Convention: Across the Midwest in Chicago, Illinois
Republican Ticket: Hughes/Fairbanks
President: U.S. Supreme Justice Charles Evans Hughes (New York) Vice President: Former Vice President Charles Fairbanks (Indiana)

Hotly Contested Election of Cycle:

1896:

In the above counties map (R) McKinley in Blueish and (D) Bryan in Brownish

This election determined the fate of American currency as the Gold

Standard championed by McKinley won with his victory. The Democrat Bryan championed "Free Silver" battle cry of the Populist Party (which was to shift to bimetallism by printing a second currency backed by silver) which garnered their support by running a joint Bryan-Populist ticket in the West where Watson appeared on the ticket for V.P. while in the East the national Party chairman Sewall appeared on the ticket who supported the Gold Standard.

Bryan was nominated after his Cross of Gold Speech despite the opposition of the Party bosses who supported the Gold Standard.

President Grover Cleveland and his Vice President Adlai Stevenson, staunch opponents of Bryan and the "Free Silver" issue, walked out of the convention and refused to support him as the nominee. They instead supported the small 3rd Party Gold Democrat candidate for President John Palmer who snagged 1% of the vote.

-A Note of Interest--

In 1902 President Teddy Roosevelt went a hunting trip in Mississippi

Roosevelt

and refused to shoot a bear someone had tied up as unsportsmanlike. 

A businessman, Morris Michtom in New York, saw the story in the papers. 

He made candy and stuffed animals. He wrote to President Roosevelt and asked permission to use his name and name his stuffed toy bear after him. 

Teddy Roosevelt said yes - and the TEDDY BEAR was born....